Internet - Wikipedia. Internet users per 1. GDP per capita for selected countries. We're excited to introduce the latest milestone in. Chief Architect of Windows Server and Microsoft. Windows Server 2012 R2 introduced new and. Microsoft Office Project 2007. como determino um marco (milestone)? Um milestone (ou. São Paulo, 20 (AE) - Entrevista com Matthew Oswald, ilustrador, 22 anos. The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an unlimited range of information resources and services, such as the inter- linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing. The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the United States Federal Government in the 1. The linking of commercial networks and enterprises in the early 1. Internet,[2] and generated rapid growth as institutional, personal, and mobile computers were connected to the network. By the late 2. 00. Most traditional communications media, including telephony, radio, television, paper mail and newspapers are being reshaped, redefined, or even bypassed by the Internet, giving birth to new services such as email, Internet telephony, Internet television, online music, digital newspapers, and video streaming websites. Newspaper, book, and other print publishing are adapting to website technology, or are reshaped into blogging, web feeds and online news aggregators. The Internet has enabled and accelerated new forms of personal interactions through instant messaging, Internet forums, and social networking. Online shopping has grown exponentially both for major retailers and small businesses and entrepreneurs, as it enables firms to extend their "brick and mortar" presence to serve a larger market or even sell goods and services entirely online. Business- to- business and financial services on the Internet affect supply chains across entire industries. The Internet has no centralized governance in either technological implementation or policies for access and usage; each constituent network sets its own policies.[3] Only the overreaching definitions of the two principal name spaces in the Internet, the Internet Protocol address (IP address) space and the Domain Name System (DNS), are directed by a maintainer organization, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). The technical underpinning and standardization of the core protocols is an activity of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), a non- profit organization of loosely affiliated international participants that anyone may associate with by contributing technical expertise.[4]Terminology. When the term Internet is used to refer to the specific global system of interconnected Internet Protocol (IP) networks, the word is a proper noun[5] that should be written with an initial capital letter. In common use and the media, it is often erroneously not capitalized, viz. Some guides specify that the word should be capitalized when used as a noun, but not capitalized when used as an adjective.[6] The Internet is also often referred to as the Net, as a short form of network. Historically, as early as 1. The designers of early computer networks used internet both as a noun and as a verb in shorthand form of internetwork or internetworking, meaning interconnecting computer networks.[8]The terms Internet and World Wide Web are often used interchangeably in everyday speech; it is common to speak of "going on the Internet" when using a web browser to view web pages. However, the World Wide Web or the Web is only one of a large number of Internet services. The Web is a collection of interconnected documents (web pages) and other web resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs.[9] As another point of comparison, Hypertext Transfer Protocol, or HTTP, is the language used on the Web for information transfer, yet it is just one of many languages or protocols that can be used for communication on the Internet.[1. The term Interweb is a portmanteau of Internet and World Wide Web typically used sarcastically to parody a technically unsavvy user. History. Research into packet switching by Paul Baran and Donald Davies emerged in the early to mid- 1. NPL network,[1. 2]ARPANET, Tymnet, the Merit Network,[1. Telenet, and CYCLADES,[1. The ARPANET project led to the development of protocols for internetworking, by which multiple separate networks could be joined into a single network of networks.[1. ARPANET development began with two network nodes which were interconnected between the Network Measurement Center at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science directed by Leonard Kleinrock, and the NLS system at SRI International (SRI) by Douglas Engelbart in Menlo Park, California, on 2. October 1. 96. 9.[1. The third site was the Culler- Fried Interactive Mathematics Center at the University of California, Santa Barbara, followed by the University of Utah Graphics Department. ![]() Windows 8 se encuentra en su fase de desarrollo Milestone 3. de salida final prevista el otoño de 2012. mensaje que Microsoft ha dejado para este. In an early sign of future growth, fifteen sites were connected to the young ARPANET by the end of 1. These early years were documented in the 1. Computer Networks: The Heralds of Resource Sharing. Early international collaborations on the ARPANET were rare. European developers were concerned with developing the X. Notable exceptions were the Norwegian Seismic Array (NORSAR) in June 1. Sweden with satellite links to the Tanum Earth Station and Peter T. Kirstein's research group in the United Kingdom, initially at the Institute of Computer Science, University of London and later at University College London.[2. In December 1. 97. RFC 6. 75 (Specification of Internet Transmission Control Program), by Vinton Cerf, Yogen Dalal, and Carl Sunshine, used the term internet as a shorthand for internetworking and later RFCs repeated this use.[2. Access to the ARPANET was expanded in 1. National Science Foundation (NSF) funded the Computer Science Network (CSNET). In 1. 98. 2, the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) was standardized, which permitted worldwide proliferation of interconnected networks. T3 NSFNET Backbone, c. TCP/IP network access expanded again in 1. National Science Foundation Network (NSFNet) provided access to supercomputer sites in the United States for researchers, first at speeds of 5. Mbit/s and 4. 5 Mbit/s.[2. Commercial Internet service providers (ISPs) emerged in the late 1. The ARPANET was decommissioned in 1. By 1. 99. 5, the Internet was fully commercialized in the U. S. when the NSFNet was decommissioned, removing the last restrictions on use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic.[2. The Internet rapidly expanded in Europe and Australia in the mid to late 1. Asia in the late 1. The beginning of dedicated transatlantic communication between the NSFNET and networks in Europe was established with a low- speed satellite relay between Princeton University and Stockholm, Sweden in December 1. Although other network protocols such as UUCP had global reach well before this time, this marked the beginning of the Internet as an intercontinental network. Public commercial use of the Internet began in mid- 1. MCI Mail and Compuserve's email capabilities to the 5. Internet.[3. 2] Just months later on 1 January 1. PSInet launched an alternate Internet backbone for commercial use; one of the networks that would grow into the commercial Internet we know today. In March 1. 99. 0, the first high- speed T1 (1. Mbit/s) link between the NSFNET and Europe was installed between Cornell University and CERN, allowing much more robust communications than were capable with satellites.[3. Six months later Tim Berners- Lee would begin writing World. Wide. Web, the first web browser after two years of lobbying CERN management. By Christmas 1. 99. Berners- Lee had built all the tools necessary for a working Web: the Hyper. Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 0.
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